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' |conventional_long_name = Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China |image_flag = Flag of China.svg |image_map = China-Special Administrative Regions.png |map_caption = Macau and Hong Kong in Pearl River Delta in southeastern China |other_symbol = 80px 80px |languages = Cantonese Mandarin English Portuguese |languages_type = Languages |government_type = One country, two systems (Hong Kong and Macau) |leader_title1 = Head of State |leader_name1 = Xi Jinping |leader_title2 = Head of Central Government |leader_name2 = Li Keqiang |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = CY Leung |leader_title4 = Chief Executive of Macau |leader_name4 = |demonym = Chinese |membership_type = Special Administrative Regions |membership = |largest_settlement = Wolong SAR |largest_settlement_type = SAR |population_estimate_year = 2014 |population_estimate = 7,864,143〔(【引用サイトリンク】url = http://www.dsec.gov.mo/Statistic/Demographic/DemographicStatistics/DemographicStatistics2014Q2.aspx?lang=en-US )〕〔(Wolong Introduction )〕 |population_density_km2 = |area_km2 = 3135.7 |date_format = dd/mm/yyyy (AD) |currency = Hong Kong Dollar Macanese pataca Renminbi |footnotes = }} Special administrative regions (SAR; ), formally Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China, are autonomous territories that fall within the sovereignty of the People's Republic of China, yet do not form part of Mainland China (except for Wolong SAR). The legal basis for the establishment of SARs such as Hong Kong and Macau, unlike the administrative divisions of Mainland China, is provided for by Article 31, rather than Article 30, of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China of 1982. Article 31 reads: "The state may establish special administrative regions when necessary. The systems to be instituted in special administrative regions shall be prescribed by law enacted by the National People's Congress in the light of the specific conditions".〔Lauterpacht, Elihu. Greenwood, C. J. () (1999). International Law Reports Volume 114 of International Law Reports Set Complete set. Cambridge University Press, 1999. ISBN 0521642442, 9780521642446. p 394.〕 At present, there are in total three SARs within the People's Republic of China, two of them are established according to Article 31 of the Constitution and enjoy a high degree of autonomy, namely the Hong Kong SAR and the Macau SAR, former British and Portuguese dependencies respectively,〔Ghai, Yash P. (2000). ''Autonomy and Ethnicity: Negotiating Competing Claims in Multi-Ethnic States''. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521786428, 9780521786423. p 92.〕 transferred to China in 1997 and 1999 pursuant to the Sino-British Joint Declaration of 1984 and the Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration of 1987 respectively. Pursuant to their Joint Declarations, which are binding inter-state treaties registered with the United Nations, and their Basic laws, the Chinese SARs "shall enjoy a high degree of autonomy."〔Article 12, Basic Law of Hong Kong and Article 12, Basic Law of Macau〕 The third is the Wenchuan Wolong Special Administrative Region (Wolong SAR) in Sichuan province. It is located in the southwest of Wenchuan County, Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan. It was formerly known as Wolong Special Administrative Region of Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province and was founded in March 1983 with approval of the State Council. It was given its current name and placed under Sichuan provincial government with administrative supervision by the provincial department of forestry.〔(A Brief Review of the Special Administrative Regions and the Special Administrative Region System )〕 The provision to establish special administrative regions appeared in the constitution in 1982, in anticipation of the talks with the United Kingdom over the question of the sovereignty over Hong Kong. It was envisioned as the model for the eventual reunification with Taiwan and other islands, where the Republic of China has resided since 1949. Special administrative regions should not be confused with special economic zones, which are areas in which special economic laws apply to promote trade and investments. Under the One China, Two Systems principle, the two SARs of Hong Kong and Macau continue to possess their own governments, multi-party legislatures, legal systems, police forces, monetary systems, separate customs territory, immigration policies, national sports teams, official languages, postal systems, academic and educational systems, and substantial competence in external relations that are different or independent from the People's Republic of China. The term "SAR" is also commonly used to refer to only these two regions, in spite of the existence of Wolong SAR. ==List of special administrative regions of China with a high degree of autonomy== There are currently two special administrative regions within the People's Republic of China that follow the "One country, two systems" principle and enjoy a high degree of autonomy. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Special administrative regions of China」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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